The Struggles of Independent Artists free essay sample

Natheesh The music industry is one of the biggest industries in the world today. With millions of people listening to some of the best singers; music has become a need for people today. There are many genres of music with floods of artists filling them. You have Justin Bieber who leads all singers in the pop category, in fan support. There is also country music, which is led by Taylor Swift. Rap is another big genre, which has many great rappers. Some include Lil Wayne and Eminem. These artists make it hard for independent artists to showcase their talent. Loads of upcoming and current artists make it hard for independent artists to have a successful career. Independent artists have a lot of competition to go through to have a successful career. They need talent in music and they need an interest in the music industry. They need to work hard and overcome the obstacles they face. We will write a custom essay sample on The Struggles of Independent Artists or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Independent artists today have many obstacles in getting their music produced and heard; these include financial difficulties, difficulty in getting their music on the radio, and the censorship and banning of their music. The biggest obstacle in an independent artists career is developing it. This is because if they do not have the necessary amount of money needed, they will have no music to sell. Most Independent artists do not spend their money wisely, which results in failure. They either, blow money on unnecessary services, waste time in getting their music published, or simply do not have the amount of money needed to create their music. Ribas Vinny wrote about this topic. He talks about what artists do with their money and he offers ideas for the artists to improve their financial capabilities. Here is what he wrote. Many artists are under-funded and so they can’t purchase the tools they need or hire the help they need. Sometimes this is a result of lack of funds to begin with. Sometimes it is because the available funds are not spent wisely. Successful artists know that they need to constantly invest and reinvest in their act. They establish a budget and stick with it. They raise capital if it is necessary, whether it comes from investors, crowd sourcing, a loan or some sort of enterprising venture. If they are not good at managing their money, they hire someone who is. They do not let money, or the lack of it stop them. (Vinny, 15 Reasons Why Some Indie Artists Fail And Others Succeed). Producing music is extremely expensive also. The more money artists put in their promotion, the more people will listen to their music. Artists need to decide on which path to take. They can either put loads of money in their song, or they can work hard and do many social interactions with future listeners. If they plan on selling an album, it can cost them plenty of money. Bar Scott wrote about how much this can cost. Scott says says she spent up to $54K in bringing her album to the store. Here is what she went through to get her album out. To date, I have spent about $54k on Parachute. That means that I have to sell 5400 units at an average of $10 per CD to break even. It’s worth noting here that I have not gotten paid at all for my part of this project. That will happen when I pay off the investors who invested the 50k that I spent so handily, and the additional 4k I put on my credit card to make up the difference. (Scott, How Much Does it Cost to Make a CD in 2006? ). Although this was published in 2006, the cost to produce an album today, most likely, exceeds the amount Scott talks about. Artists can get an idea of how much it takes to make a album from her article. $54K is extremely difficult to get. Many artists will also feel uncomfortable to use this money, because there is a risk involved. Artists cannot always make their money back. They can get a loss, and lose some of the money they put in. If an artist wants to become successful they would have to take the risk, even if they have some doubts. Artists will have to get their music on the radio to sell their copies, which is an whole other obstacle of its own. Artists also have a difficulty in getting their music played by their local radio stations. Most radio stations play the music that is much more popular. This leaves independent artists in the dust. This is because of the numerous famous artists, crowd the radio stations, leaving no room for the independent artists. Marie Michaels writes in an article that you have to have amazing music just to compete with the major artists. She states reasons why. She says Indies typically have no issues remembering they have to compete against established artists for airplay. If they forget, there will always be someone at a radio station who will remind them. Established artists have the backing of major labels, so their music can be so-so and still get airplay, while an indies good music will be tossed to the reject pile. For an indie to win some much coveted airtime, their music has to outstanding, truly special, not just good. Michaels, Independent Artists: How to Get Radio Airplay). This shows that independent artists have to put all their effort in, even to get consideration, in being on the radio. Another reason why artists can’t get radio airtime is because of Clear Channel. They are the multi-million dollar company that owns the most radio stations. In the Clear Channels Statistic article on S taticsbrain it tells how many stations Clear Channel owns. It says â€Å"Clear Channel is the largest radio station group owner in the United States, both by number of stations and by revenue. The 850 stations reach more than 110 million listeners every week. † If artists get rejected by one radio station owned by Clear Channel, they will probably get rejected by all of Clear Channels other radio stations. So for artists to be successful they need to be accepted by Clear Channel. These radio stations get a load of listeners. If artists are lucky enough to get some time, people who listen to the song and like it, will impulse buy it. So the more radio time they get, the higher more sales they get for their album. Even if they get radio airtime, some artists’ music might get censored. Some songs tend to get banned and censored. This may be because of the views shown in the song or the fact that the song contains loads of violence in it. Most of the music that was banned from the public were songs to do with politics. For example many songs were banned by Clear Channel after 9/11, because A senior executive at giant radio conglomerate Clear Channel Communications distributed a memo to all 1300 Clear Channel stations. This memo included a list of 150 songs with inappropriate lyrics. (Feldman Music Thats Been Banned). Some of the songs that were banned include What a Wonderful World, R. E. M’s It’s the End of the World as We Know It, and Kansas Dust in the Wind. This greatly affects independent artists, because their views may not be allowed, o be expressed, because of the restrictions of their music. Another reason why songs may get banned is becuase of violence. They can get banned because of the use of sex, drugs, or profanity. Most songs are even censored. This hurts the artist, because their song may not express its message with the song being censored. Trishool Trident wrote about why Hip-Hop music should not be censored. Hip Hop music has always been controversial. This is often as a result of the sensual beats and explicit lyrics, Hip Hop music claims to be the soul of the street. It signifies how real individuals in the streets speak, walk, behave and live. Hip Hop music is all concerning reality. Real lyrics! Its not regarding social welfare although it will be but to ask a rapper to tone down his reality because it goes against the grain of politically correct society isnt the means to get his attention. This article is regarding freedom of expression in Hip Hop music. (Trident Hip Hop Music Should Not Be Censored). He shares that he thinks rappers should be free to express their feeling. Artists should be able to express their music freely, without other people ruining their message. The obstacle their artists as to face, is the fact they have to change their song to something more appropriate, without ruing the message. Independent artists will have to go through any type of obstacles to be successful; these include money problems, radio airtime, and the restrictions of their music. Artists will have to control their money wisely and take a risk in using it. They would also have to push hard for radio airtime. They should also try and change the restrictions of their music or not let it change the meaning of their music. In any case, the arguments in this essay, can go for anyone doing anything. This is because; the essay states what obstacles the artists have to go through. This can be applied to other people in other industries. It could persuade them to use money wisely, fight for what is right, and to be more completive in what you are doing. People will always face obstacles when trying to become successful. They just have to fight through it and get what they want. WORKS CITED Ribas, Vinny. 15 Reasons Why Some Indie Artists Fail And Others Succeed.   Indie Connect. N. p. , 26 Mar. 2012. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. lt;http://indieconnect. com/15-reasons-indie-artists-fail-succeed/gt;.. Scott, Bar. Article: How Much Does It Cost to Make a CD?   Article: How Much Does It Cost to Make a CD? N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. lt;http://barscott. com/articles/cost_of_cd. shtmlgt;. Michaels, Marie . Independent Artists: How to Get Radio Airplay (Part One).   Yahoo! Contributor Network. N. p. , 17 Mar. 2013. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. lt;http://voices. yahoo. com/independent-artists-radio-airplay-part-12048542. tml? cat=3gt;. Feldman, Elliot. Music Thats Been Banned.   Yahoo! Contributor Network. N. p. , 20 Aug. 2007. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. lt;http://voices. yahoo. com/music-thats-been-banned-482769. html? cat=33gt;. Trident, Trishool. Music Thats Been Banned.   Yahoo! Contributor Network. N. p. , 08 Mar. 2011. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. lt;http://voices. yahoo. com/music-thats-been-banned-482769. html? cat=33gt;. Clear Channel Company Statistics. Statistic Brain RSS. N. p. , 31 July 2012. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. lt;http://www. statisticbrain. com/clear-channel-company-statistics/gt;.

Quotes for Saying Goodbye

Quotes for Saying Goodbye Moving on sometimes becomes inevitable. Whether it is to pursue a new job opportunity, go to school, or care for a loved one, people often relocate. When you move away, it can be challenging to leave your old life behind and say goodbye to friends, family, neighbors, and colleagues. Finding the words to express how you feel can be even harder. Saying goodbye becomes a little easier with the help of quotes from famous writers, artists, and entertainers. You can borrow some of their tender words and use them in your saying goodbye messages, cards, and presents. The words will reverberate in the hearts of your loved ones. J.M. Barrie Never say goodbye because goodbye means going away and going away means forgetting. Alfred Tennyson Gone- flitted away,Taken the stars from the night and the sunFrom the day!Gone, and a cloud in my heart. Ernie Harwell Its time to say goodbye, but I think goodbyes are sad and Id much rather say hello. Hello to a new adventure. Trey Parker Saying goodbye doesnt mean anything. Its the time we spent together that matters, not how we left it. Tom Petty You and I will meet again, When were least expecting it, One day in some far-off place, I will recognize your face, I wont say goodbye my friend, For you and I will meet again. Genevieve Gorder And the relationships that happen become so intense, deep, involved, and complex and really hard to say goodbye to. The hardest part of the show is saying goodbye when its all done. It really breaks you. William Shakespeare Parting is such sweet sorrow that I shall say goodnight till it be morrow. Ann M. Martin I wonder how you say goodbye to someone forever? Angela Ruggiero It feels right. But its emotional. Saying goodbye to anything youve done that long is hard. Robert Southey No distance of place or lapse of time can lessen the friendship of those who are thoroughly persuaded of each others worth. Richard Bach Can miles truly separate you from friends? If you want to be with someone you love, arent you already there? Victor Hugo Promise to give me a kiss on my brow when I am dead. I shall feel it. George Eliot Only in the agony of parting do we look into the depths of love. Kay Knudsen Love is missing someone whenever youre apart, but somehow feeling warm inside because youre close in heart. Nicholas Sparks The reason it hurts so much to separate is because our souls are connected. Dr. Seuss Remember me and smile, for its better to forget than to remember me and cry. Helen Rowland A man never knows how to say goodbye; a woman never knows when to say it. Henry David Thoreau Nothing makes the earth seem so spacious as to have friends at a distance; they make the latitudes and longitudes. Meredith Willson Where is the good in goodbye? R.M. Grenon Goodbye, goodbye, I hate the word. Solitude has long since turned brown and withered, sitting bitter in my mouth and heavy in my veins. Jarod Kintz Goodbyes, they often come in waves. Cassandra Clare You endure what is unbearable, and you bear it. That is all. A.A. Milne How lucky I am to have something that makes saying goodbye so hard. Charles Dickens The pain of parting is nothing to the joy of meeting again. Paulo Coelho If you are brave enough to say goodbye, life will reward you with a new hello. Charlie Brown Goodbye always makes my throat hurt. William Cowper Absence from whom we love is worse than death, and frustrates hope severer than despair. Khalil Gibran Ever has it been that love knows not its own depth until the hour of separation. Yann Martel It’s important in life to conclude things properly. Only then can you let go. Otherwise you are left with words you should have said but never did, and your heart is heavy with remorse. Alan Alda The best things said come last. People will talk for hours saying nothing much and then linger at the door with words that come with a rush from the heart. John Gay We only part to meet again. Mahatma Gandhi There are no goodbyes for us. Wherever you are, you will always be in my heart. Helen Keller So long as the memory of certain beloved friends lives in my heart, I shall say that life is good. Rumi Goodbyes are only for those who love with their eyes. Because for those who love with heart and soul there is no such thing as separation. Irish Blessing May the road rise up to meet you, may the wind be ever at your back. May the sun shine warm upon your face and the rain fall softly on your fields. And until we meet again, may God hold you in the hollow of his hand. Claudia Adrienne Grandi If I had a single flower for every time I think of you, I could walk forever in my garden.

A Literary Analysis of 1984 and Fahrenheit 451

He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother† (245). According to critic, Ralph A. Ranald, Winston is an â€Å"antihero† in the â€Å"antiworld† of Oceania, in an â€Å"antiuniverse,† created by the collective mind of the Party. â€Å"In that antiworld, there is no written law, and everything is, or can be, considered a crime at the pleasure of the State† (254). Winston is not heroic in the traditional sense. He rebels in secret, always afraid of the watchful eye of Big Brother; he betrays Julia at the slightest provocation in the Ministry of Love; he comes to love and support his persecutors.He is â€Å"passive and not self-aware. Winston, from the first moment we meet him, never makes a free decision† (Ranald). However, though he is not perfect, Winston does at least attempt to find truth and insist on it in the face of overwhelming opposition. Winston’s final defeat is discouraging. James E. Davis observes that Orwell â€Å"does express a mood of near but not complete despair. The mood is despair only if readers do not heed the warning of what will happen if we continue on some of our present courses. But we do not have to become soulless automatons.It is not foreordained† (248). Our own society does not repress freedom and truth in the same way or to the same degree as the Party in 1984. There is still hope that we will not allow the government or any institution to tell us lies and compromise our freedoms. Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, is about a dystopian society in which firemen burn books, and the ideal citizen sits around and watches television all day, not thinking about anything too deeply and not caring about the consequences of his or her actions. Guy Montag is a fireman.He has lived most of his life believing that firemen are beneficial to society, enforcing a just law that protects everyone. His mind is opened to the reality of his miserable job when he meets a young girl named Clarisse McClellan. When his boss, the firehouse captain, realizes this change in him, Captain Beatty begins to fight back, trying to either return Montag to his previous state of ignorance or destroy him and the knowledge he represents. John Colmer is struck by Bradburys ability to convey horror. Bradbury is successful in creating the horror of mechanized anti-culture. The burning scenes have intense power† 149). Central to this â€Å"anti-culture† is a violent struggle between knowledge and ignorance. Montags job as a fireman is to destroy people’s homes and lives to eliminate knowledge and encourage ignorance, but when he meets Clarisse, knowledge begins to overpower ignorance inside his own mind, and he realizes that what he is doing is horrible. She asks him a simple question about his life: â€Å"Are you happy? † she said. â€Å"Am I what? † he cried. But she was gone—running in the moonlight. Her front door shut gently. â€Å"Happy! Of all the nonsense. † (10)Clarisse plays a critical role in alerting Montag to his blindness. Edward Eller credits this young â€Å"oddball† with creating a crisis in Montag’s life that upends his complacency: Clarisse prods him back into experiencing the outside worlds sensations, especially smells as simple as apricots and strawberries, old leaves and cinnamon, smells which up to now have always been dominated by the odor of kerosene. She ignores his authority by openly questioning whether he can even think and challenges his smug superiority by seeing through his mask of happiness and into his deeper discontent. (152)

Similarity and Relationship Satisfaction Research Proposal

Similarity and Relationship Satisfaction - Research Proposal Example These results reveal that majority of people view marriage as bondage that hinder their liberty or put extra responsibilities on them. Although marriage is meant to share responsibilities, ideas, happiness and grieves, and rear offspring, people view marriage quite the other way. This anti-marriage phenomenon seems to have erupted as a lack of understanding, a lack that demonstrates absence of similarity essential to sustain marriage relationship. While identification of the factors influencing marital satisfaction is of theoretical interest to social psychologists and potential practical value to clinical psychologists working with married couples, research in this area provided only minimal information about the specific characteristics of stable and/or happy marital relationships and has provided no coherent theory of marital satisfaction. Social psychological theories of love and marriage are, in general, based on the principle of similarity, i.e., that we tend to associate with others who reward us and not associate with those who don't (Walster and Walster, 1978). The theory of Complementarity proposed by Winch (1952) was based on Murray's theory of needs. The theory postulated that within a field of eligible (which necessitates a certain level of similarity) an individual will seek out the person who can offer maximum need-gratification. Specifically, Winch suggests that the need patterns of A will complementary, rather than similar to the need patterns of B. By complementary he means that the needs of A will be different in kind from those in B (Type I Complementarity) or they will be different in intensity (Type II Complementarity) from the needs that are met for B. in one of the first studies, (Winch, Ktsanes & Ktsanes, 1954) findings suggested that for a sample of married couples, individuals tend to select mates whose needs are complementary rather that similar to their own. Subsequently, Winch (1954) attempted to explore additional evidence of complementary needs while also taking into account the contradictory viewpoint of similarity of needs. By examining the correlations between husbands and wives, results showed husband-wife correlations were lower on average that the correlations of randomly paired dyads. Since these findings failed to support the idea of similarity, Winch argued that they supported Complementarity theory. There have been several studies that have tried to replicate Winch's findings, but most research has failed to do so. For example, Bowerman & Day (1956) attempted to replicate Winch's findings of need Complementarity of married couples. Sixty college couples who were engaged or going steadily filled out the Edwards Personal Preference Scale. Results suggest a pattern of similarity rather than complementary. Another study also attempted to address Winch's theory of complementary needs by examining data from standardized psychological tests, to determine whether married couples are characterized by Complementarity of needs, as well as to determine whether there is a positive relationship between the degree of Complementarity and marital happiness (Blazer, 1963). Fifty married couples who were emotionally well-adjusted (i.e. neither partner had history of mental illness) completed the Wallace Marital Happiness Scale and Edwards Personal Preference Scale. Results do not support the complementary nee

Ideas are more dangerous than guns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ideas are more dangerous than guns - Essay Example e last century – Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela played pivotal roles in achieving freedom for their nations by adopting and implementing the idea of non-violence rather than carrying guns. It is very important to preserve your ideas and use them to your advantage. The greatest innovations in the world have been results of great ideas. Someone had an idea of flying and airplane was invented. Some other person got an idea of distant communication and telephone came into existence. There are many examples where ideas got stolen or leaked from a company and got converted into billion dollar companies. Xerox is one company where maximum ideas have come from or have leaked. Some of today’s biggest technology companies have used ideas developed at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Centre to come up with wonderful products. Schools and Colleges are places where the foundation to get amazing ideas is developed. Colleges enable students to have knowledge of various subjects and courses. Ideas are like sparks which get generated by the amalgamation of different subjects such as Sciences, Mathematics, Psychology, Geography, History, Statistics and so on. Hence, colleges play a very crucial role in equipping students with weapons essential to develop radical ideas and make those ideas more dangerous than

Jacksonian Democracy Dbq Essay Example for Free

Jacksonian Democracy Dbq Essay During the 1828 election when Jackson ran for office the second time he succeeded, as he did previously, but this time nothing stood in his way of becoming president. The Jacksonian Democracy that Jackson had brought into the government when he was elected was a true democratic movement that was dedicated to it’s egalitarian views. Although, in this time period the equal rights ideas were still mainly for the white men, disregarding women, African Americans, and the Native Americans. The Jacksonian Democracy was a large force in the individual rights for the working class, as interpreted in Document A; â€Å"The Working Men’s Declaration of Independence†, by George Henry Evans, as he says, â€Å"‘But when a long train of abuses and usurpations’ take place, all invariably tending to the oppression and degradation of one class of society, and to the unnatural and iniquitous exaltation of another by political leaders, ‘it is their right, it is their duty:’ to use every constitutional means to reform the abuses of such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. † In his writing he quotes parts of the declaration to make a point that what the forefathers had said could be used to represent the working class, and to make a point that it was the government’s duty to protect such men from the lack of opportunities that the government failed to give them and the rights that they failed to protect in the previous year with various government leaders. When Jackson was re-elected in 1832, the renewal of the National bank was vetoed by Jackson, and some think that it’s simply because he had a strong dislike for the men that were for the bank. In his veto message, Document B, Andrew Jackson stated that, â€Å"It appears that more than a fourth part of the stock is held by foreigners,† and Jackson had had a strong dislike for foreigner’s, chiefly the British, since he was a young boy, â€Å"and the residue is held by a few hundred of our own citizens, chiefly of the richest class.† It could be interpreted through this that Jackson, along with his dislike for Clay, wanted to keep the American government and economy ruled solely by the Americans, not an outside force like the French and British. Andrew Jackson was a strong believer of Nationalist values, and his values contributed to the way he saw individual rights. Jackson viewed the nation as a whole, and just being American granted, if you were a white male, not of Irish descent than you it was your right to have the same liberties as everyone else. You could vote, own land, run for office, and have the same opportunities as someone from the upper class if you were among the poorest in the country. Among the many equal rights opportunities, many reform movements began to take place that brought a new light to the Jacksonian government. Public education became something that every child could receive until they reached the age of a secondary school student, and having every child receive education was a large part of his equal rights value. The two other reforms were for the criminally insane/mentally insane, the Asylum movement, led by Dorothea Dix, and the Woman’s rights movement. Although Jackson didn’t believe in the same rights of man and woman, the movement went along with the equal rights and opportunities of his government. With the three new reforms taking place in the United States, they benefitted from the others. Women were able to secure jobs as nurse and school teachers, but with many rules, the insane were able to escape from the criminal and terrible conditions they were residing in, and children, whether they be male or female, could receive a prop er education. One of the largest movements of the day was the Second Great Awakening a religious movement. Many people were given more freedom when it came to their religion, some converting, others not. Those who converted to the newly introduced religions were able to express their religious beliefs, while one hundred years prior they could not as openly. Although some religions were seen as improper, they weren’t as harsh to those of other religions as they may have been in the past. As a result of the changes in the American lifestyle, members of the Jacksonian Democracy believed that it was their duty to preserve the nation in the way that they had seen it, and in their eyes they viewed themselves as â€Å"the guardians of the United States, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity†.

Web Page Creation Report :: Computer Science

Web Page Creation Report In order to create my web pages, I used a program called FrontPage Express. This allowed me to create web pages without learning the language they are written in, HTML. To start with, I created a new directory for the website to go in to. I did this by clicking on File>New>Folder. I then renamed the folder just created to Computerstore. Into that folder, I created five more folders, and renamed them Images, INP, OUT, MPU and STO. These were for the four different sections of products and for the images. My next task was to create the index page. In FrontPage Express, I created a new page by clicking on File>New>Normal Page. I then right-clicked on the page and selected page properties. I could then change the background colour. After I found that none of the preset colours were suitable, I created a custom colour by entering different amounts of Red, Blue, and Green until I found a colour that I liked. I then added this to the custom colours list so I could use it on the other pages. I then set all of the text and hyperlink colours to black so that all the text on the page would the same colour. Whilst I was in page properties, I added the page title that would be shown at the top of the browser by typing the title I wanted into the title box. With the properties set how I wanted, I could lay out the page. I wanted to add a table on the page, to contain the hyperlinks to the other pages. To do this, I clicked on Table>Insert Table, and entered the size of table I wanted, as shown to the left. I then formatted the table by right clicking on the outline, and selecting Table Properties. I added a border of size 10, aligned the table to the centre, and coloured the border navy, as shown to the right. I clicked OK and went back to the home page. I added the section names into the table, and added a two-line title. Using the defaults, the page looked like the image to shown above. I then formatted all of the text into a different font, Franklin Gothic Heavy. I then changed the size of the first line of the title to the largest, size 7, and underlined it. My newly formatted homepage now looked like this. I saved the file into the main directory as index.htm. In order to create the index pages for the sub-directories, I used the homepage as a template. For each index page, all I would need to do was to change

Are Judges the Makers or Discoverers of the Law? Essay

The views of the latter three jurists are very complicated and need particular attention. It is also pertinent to note that no one has explored the views of leading judges and jurists in Pakistan to know which theory of adjudication they support. This work analyses some of the prominent decisions given by some of the notable Pakistani judges ? muhammadmunir@iiu. edu. pk. Dr. Muhammad Munir, PhD is Associate Professor and Chairman Department of Law at the Faculty of Shari„ah & Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad and Visiting Professor at the University College of Islamabad. This view is shared by lawyers, law teachers, law students and judges alike. The prevailing opinion of all those persons who deal with law in one way or the other in the Indo–Pak sub-continent or in the Anglo–American legal world is that a decision of a court of law, especially a court of last resort which explicitly or implicitly lays down a legal proposition, constitutes a source of law. The importance of precedent can be gauged merely by the fact that almost all authors from the above-mentioned regions treat precedent as a source of law. The above view may be undisputed in our own times but historically and jurisprudentially, it has always been disputed. Ascribing authoritative force to a precedent is to some extent grounded on the assumption that court decisions are a source of law and that judges are entitled to make law in much the same sense as the legislator. The role of the judge in the process of adjudication as a law maker is the subject of disagreement and debate. Many famous jurists, among them Bacon, Hale, and Blackstone, were convinced that the office of the judge was only to declare and interpret the law, but not to make it. 2

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denischovivh

October 3, 2010 Cold War-Period 1 Ivan Denisovich Shukhov was sent to a Soviet concentration camp, he was accused of being a spy after being captured by the Germans. He was not a spy but was still falsely punished by the government. My favorite quote of the book is, â€Å"Can they even tell what the sun to do? † This portrays that when the Communist Party declared that the sun reaches its high point of the day at one instead of noon. He is saying that the Soviet Union controls everything such as: the sun’s zenith, religion, and clothes.The Soviet Union treated prisoners of war(POWS) very harshly and the system itself was also very corrupt. Alexander Solzhenitysn was a POW himself. In February of 1945 when he was serving in East Prussia he got arrested for writing insulting comments in multiple letters to Nikolai Vitkevich. The first camp they took him to be in Lubyanka, and they beat him there and questioned him on many things. In the middle phase of his concealment he was sent to Sharaska.The last place in which he was imprisoned in was Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan were he worked as a bricklayer, miner, and a foreman for small building projects, this is in which he got the idea and the base of the book One day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Shukhov. All the information in his book was acquired by actual experiences with the hardships Shukhov faced in the book. From the mouth of Benjamin C. Gardner One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovic is indeed a powerful book. Were it merely the grim testimonial to life in the Soviet Gulags or a witness to infringed liberties, its force would be staggering.Were it a testimony to the indomitableness of human nature, it would be crushing. As it is, it shatters our perception of man and ourselves as no other book, save Anne Franke`s diary and the testimony of Elie Wiesl, could ever have done. However, it is more than all the above. â€Å"One Day† is actually a searching look at human nature. The biting wind, jagged wire, frigid climate, watery soup, and the warmth provided by an extra pair of mittens or an hour of hard physical labor all find matches in the colorful rowd of characters that parades through this narrative – from the prison guards to the prisoners themselves to the prison director to the turncoat prisoners who sold their integrity for the favor of their oppressors. This is a book to be read, first of all, for its historical value – a tribute to those who were imprisoned but whose voices were never heard, and a silent plea to commit all our forces to the proposition that such vileness will never reach our liberty-loving shores.No less importantly, this is a book that should prompt us to turn our eyes inward and question ourselves whether, in our own way, we are capable of committing the same atrocities against our fellow man, and whether, if subjected to the same suffering, we would have the strength of character to find as much comfort in a bowl of soup as we do no w in the transient, unfounded knowledge that such inhumanity will not touch us. † He summarized the life of an average POW in the Soviet concentration camps.This book to me was a very interesting read giving me foresight into the life of an average, innocent, hard working man in a concentration camp. This book helped me too understand how the world was in turmoil during the Cold War and how people in the Soviet Union were treated. As Shukhov says, â€Å"I’m not a beggar I work for everything I get and not I’m about to change that now. † I liked this quote because I believe this is a good way to live your life.

Critically evaluate two approaches to solving the problems of environmental pollution. Essay Example

Critically evaluate two approaches to solving the problems of environmental pollution. Essay Example Critically evaluate two approaches to solving the problems of environmental pollution. Essay Critically evaluate two approaches to solving the problems of environmental pollution. Essay Critically measure two attacks to work outing the jobs of environmental pollution. In the twentieth century rapid economic development has resulted in environmental jobs. Hence, environmental pollution has been a cause for concern for the past few decennaries. The nursery consequence caused by the release of C dioxide for illustration has become a chief focal point in the universe. Newspaper headlines, academic stuff and protests by assorted environmental militants have forced each one to be cognizant of their duty towards to environment. There has been an increasing divergency in the positions between ecologists and economic experts whereby the ecologists have a really pessimistic position of the environment in the hereafter, where they believe that the resources are consuming at really fast rate ; on the other manus the economic experts have an optimistic position. Supported by statistical grounds the economic point of position for the hereafter suggests that poorness degrees are cut downing, the natural resources will last for another 150 old ages The undermentioned paper will analyze the effects of pollution and the steps that have been taken to battle it. The sign language of the UN clime alteration model pact indicates that environmental protection is being taken earnestly and that people around the universe have reached a decision about the demand to command the fumes of nursery gases, such as C dioxide, ensuing in betterments in the environment and recognizing sustainable development. Amongst the assorted definitions provided for pollution, one of the defines pollution as, â€Å"†¦the release of harmful environmental contaminations, or the substances so release.†[ 1 ] The fact must be noted that the substances themselves are non harmful, but when they are converted into smog due to solar energy ( sunlight ) that they have a harmful consequence on the environment and cause wellness jeopardies. Pollution is the consequence of ( negative ) human activity. There are two chief sorts of pollution – local and planetary pollution. Earlier pollution at the local degree was considered to be the lone job. Local pollution took the signifier of firing coal bring forthing fume and being risky for wellness. The attack to undertake pollution in the developed universe was to develop consciousness at the school degree. However, when some signifiers of pollution has a planetary consequence it is termed as planetary pollution. Besides whether something is pollution or non depends on the context it is being used. For case C dioxide emanations are referred to as pollution due to the harm they cause to the ambiance ensuing in climatic alterations. Other illustrat ions of pollution beginnings include atomic workss and oil oilers let go ofing toxic waste into the environment. Traditional signifiers of pollution include noise, air and H2O pollution. [ 2 ] Prior to analyzing the attacks to work outing the job it is indispensable to understand the harmful effects of pollution. On assorted foreparts it has been argued that environmental pollution consequences in serious wellness jeopardies like increased hazard of malignant neoplastic disease, skin harm, interrupting the ecological balance and upsetting the climatic equilibrium. Nowadays everything ramping from drouths, inundations, and temblors to the gradual displacement in climatic alterations, for case, colder states anticipating abnormally high temperatures during summers, is being associated with pollution. Theorists have argued that there is small grounds to propose whether the alteration in clime will be a good thing or a bad thing. It is the perceptual experience that people have or that has been created by media that everyone believes that climatic alterations will non be contributing for economic growing. Tacking the job of pollution has become a major concern for everyone. In economic theory ; markets coordinate the picks of people with respect to natural resource usage ; nevertheless ; environmental determinations are made outside the market and without cognition of the to the full priced goods and services. Gwartney et. Al ( 2000 ) place the absence of clearly defined and firmly enforced belongings rights and the ensuing deficiency of markets and decision-makers answerability as the nucleus issues of pollution and other outwardness jobs. They believe that authoritiess need to inquire themselves whether economic growing is harmful for the environment. Economic growing by and large leads to environmental betterments because people with higher incomes are willing to pay more for environmental quality. Gwartney et. Al ( 2000 ) argue that the demand to take between economic growing and environmental quality may look obvious when economic activities affect the quality of the air or H2O. Governments in the developed states are under force per unit area from conservationist to protect the rights of those able to turn out that they have been harmed by pollution. Surveies conducted by Donald Cursey finds that US and in other industrial states citizen’s support for steps to better environmental quality is extremely sensitive to income alterations. [ 3 ] Thus in economic footings, willingness to pay for dearly-won environmental steps is extremely elastic with regard to income. Income growing helps to increase the demand for environmental quality, while technological progresss help to take down the cost of cut downing both resource usage and pollution. Yet incomes above the poorness degree and an apprehension of the engineering are non plenty to protect the environment. The job posed by pollution can be explained by utilizing the theory of market failure, which occurs when resources are non expeditiously allocated. This theory highlights the jobs faced by concerns ( manufacturers ) who feel that the cost of disposing waste is excessively high and that net incomes will be higher if costs are kept to a lower limit and disposing of waste through a least cost method is extremely efficient. Therefore harmonizing to the theory of market failures, the true cost to the society is much higher than the private cost of the manufacturer. Solving THE CRISIS In the UK, the Environment Agency is responsible for the protection and betterment of the air, land and H2O. The study that hey published suggested the overall incidents of serious pollution were 20 % lower than in 2001. The cardinal industries responsible for the pollution of H2O, land and air are agribusiness, waste direction, the H2O industry and the chemical industry. But repeat wrongdoers included companies such as BP UK, Tesco, Tiles-R-Us, TotalFinaElf, Anglian Water, Thames Water, BT, Yoplait and Stationary Box. [ 4 ] It is a flooring disclosure to see the names of companies like Tesco and Tiles-R-Us in the list of pollution wrongdoers. Therefore when companies which deal with harmless merchandises like nutrient can besides terrible harm to the environment, H2O companies and agrarian activities would be doing so much more injury. One manner to battle the job of halting companies and concerns from fouling the environment has been to impose mulcts. Harmonizing to the study published, the mean all right per company was raised by over one 3rd to ?8,744. Fines of more than ?20,000 rose by about 42 % compared to 2001 but the Environment Agency believes that the size of the mulcts are non sufficient to carry companies to alter their behavior. Amongst the assorted illustrations cited, one of them indicated how a company manager dumped dirt incorporating arsenic, quicksilver and nitrile, which has serious wellness deductions as it can do circulatory jobs, skin harm and increased hazard of malignant neoplastic disease. The sentence given to the manager was that he was jailed merely for one twelvemonth. Sing that his act could hold resulted in many human lives enduring from terrible wellness jobs and the punishment of merely one twelvemonth of gaol sentence does non look to be just. It would non be right to fault the companies and concerns for non following with the ordinances. Businesss tend to reason that the systems and support construction is non in topographic point for them to dispose waste safely. In the absence of a proper substructure to make so, it would be incorrect to set the incrimination merely on one party. Another factor that discourages concerns from safely disposing waste is the cost factor involved. It has proved to be really expensive for concerns to dispose waste. This is particularly the instance in agriculture, where borders are tight. Regulation Government ordinance is an alternate method of seeking to protect and continue the quality of the environment. Regulation nevertheless does non ever lead to ideal results, and it can be tremendously expensive. Regulation is non ever based o market systems, so it is capable to all the jobs associated with deficiency of information and deficiency of inducements that have plagued the socialist states. For case, in the instance of planetary heating, emanations from C dioxide from efficient combustion of all fuels instance no injury where they are emitted. No one’s rights are being violated by the invasion of harmful pollutant, yet these emanations are constructing up in the ambiance. Therefore this may necessitate that in the future ordinances must take this into history. Some scientists and environmental groups argue that the menace of planetary heating is serious and that despite high costs, the states of the universe must enforce strong ordinances rapidly. Many states have initiated air pollution control programmes in recent old ages. In England control was started by the establishment of smokeless zones and by controls based on the coloring material of the emitted fume and great motion has doubtless resulted. In Ontario, a more extremist attack was adopted, by set uping an discoverer of fouling beginnings and forbiding the puting up of new industrial concerns without an in agreement system of emanation control, and besides by mensurating the ‘air pollution index Various unfavorable judgments have been offered in footings of how pollution control steps are designed and implemented. It has been argued that frequently the Some theoreticians believe that cut downing degrees of environmental pollution is non merely the duty for companies, but besides a societal duty of each and every occupant ; it can merely be possible if the persons besides portion the cost that is borne by manufacturers, by paying higher monetary values for the services and goods. The principle offered is that in return for higher monetary values, non merely is the single being offered better merchandises but besides a cleansing agent environment. It can be argued that even though it seems rational ; to bear down consumers higher monetary values for a safer environment, but it must be noted that companies gets subsidies, revenue enhancement benefits and many other signifiers of the authorities support which helps them to get by with the increased investing in engineering to bring forth environment friendly merchandises, nevertheless, single consumers are non paid higher rewards and wages to purchase environmentally friendly environme nt. The thought is to keep those people responsible who pollute the environment and do enforce some signifier of fiscal punishment. Some do believe that the solution by concentrating on doing the monetary value signal work more efficaciously, by taxing the manufacturer and supplying him with some signifier of fiscal inducement to put in would ensue in would be an extension of belongings rights and are all possible methods to battle the job of pollution. Other possible methods that have been suggested are to publish tradable licenses. The thought is that licenses would let manufacturers to foul up to a certain degree. The licenses will besides assist in increasingly cut downing the overall degree of pollution. Property Rights In the UK, attempts are being made to widen the belongings rights. The implicit in thought of belongings rights is that if person is found to be doing harm to person else’s belongings, legal action can be taken against the person. In the environmental sense, Environment Agency has been set up who has ownership over the environment so to talk. In the US, Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) is one of the many administrations that have been set up to accomplish the above mentioned purpose. Property rights give legal standing to those who are threatened by pollution. Owners of land and other resources in a market economic system have the right to action anyone. Significant part to environmental quality is made through the normal operation of belongings rights and a market system. However, it is sometimes hard to specify set up and protect belongings rights. In the instance of local pollution the belongings rights attack can cover efficaciously with the job, Most pollutants capable of doing serious harm are of this kind. However, if the effects of an emitted substance are both serious and widespread over a big population, or if the substance has many beginnings, so authorities ordinance may be more efficient. Policymakers and analysts sing environmental ordinances should recognize that environmental quality is an economic good. Like nutrient, vesture, and shelter, it is something that people are willing to pay for, though non in limitless sums. In add-on policy shapers should recognize that the nexus between environmental quality and economic prosperity is of import. Environmental ordinances can exercise a powerful influence. Policymakers should non bury that enforceable belongings rights were for many old ages the chief signifier of modulating environmental pollution and leting presbyopic persons and groups to exert their visions of preserved natural countries. Over all belongings rights continue to play a positive function in the saving of a quality environment. Evaluation Property rights provide inducement to the proprietor to portion resource entree, which resource monetary values provide users with the inducement to conserve. In add-on ownership ensures that the things under their ownership are good taken attention of. Furthermore, belongings rights provide long-run inducements for maximizing the value of resource. Thus for illustration, if eroding reduces a land’s hereafter productiveness, is value in present twenty-four hours footings would fall and would finally ensue in the diminution of the owner’s wealth. Advocates in favor of belongings rights argue that belongings rights are defined, defensible and tradable. They are considered highly of import for the smooth operation of markets. Therefore when belongings rights are present and protected, resource markets encourage handiness and they besides promote resource preservation. Arguments which are non in favor of authorities ordinance are that there is no strong grounds to propose w hether alterations in the earth’s cloud would make to heighten the warming effects of C dioxide or to countervail them. It is a general consensus of the scientists that the atmospheric theoretical accounts used to foretell planetary heating does non accurately integrate the effects of atmospheric H2O vaporization. Second, it has been questioned that for the past many decennaries added C dioxide has been associated with heating, but does this association mean that C dioxide caused warming. Further, it is besides being questioned if warming does happen would the sea degree rise or autumn. It is a known fact that warmer air carries more wet, and the added precipitation would construct up snow and the thickness of the ice on the polar caps would increase. It has been argued that pollution controls ( ordinance ) has inauspicious economic effects as it diverts the resources from other growing activities. Some have argued that ordinance can hold really inefficient ways of exerting control. Thirdly pollution control can hold a negative impact on investing. If the production of certain goods is made more expensive, it leads to a rise in the monetary values of these goods and therefore reduces the sum of each demanded. Second as these controls are levied on new beginnings, directors are likely to maintain old works in usage instead than replace it with new and more efficient installation. Protecting our environment does non hold to set an terminal to economic advancement. Free markets in licenses to foul, like free markets for other resources, can guarantee that pollution is controlled at the lowest cost possible. In drumhead it can be said that whether, the pick is made to utilize belongings rights or ordinances are used, they come with their set of advantages and disadvantages. Second, while the pick of belongings rights is making a sense of ownership and the chances of persons being more protective of something that they own is an interesting theory to star with. However, without ordinances being imposed from the authorities it would non be really effectual. Mechanisms would hold to be set in topographic point whereby the information is available to first of all assess the extent of harm and the costs involved. If the economic experts work on this based on the theoretical underpinning they would non hold entree to full information in footings of environmental harm while if the conservationists tend to work on the extent of harm they wouldn’t have complete information in footings of production costs etc. Thus what is required is a system where belongings rights are supported with ordi nance to undertake the job of pollution. Fine degrees need to be increased to do the cause of salvaging the environment more meaningful. Decision Pollution is a cause for concern for states around the universe. The intent is to command depletion of natural resources and guaranting that society becomes cognizant of its duty towards the environment. Amongst many steps offered to battle the pollution crisis authorities ordinance and set uping belongings rights are the two chief attacks discussed. From the predating paragraphs it can be seen that each of the two attacks have their ain sets of virtues and demerits. While some have argued that authorities ordinance is the right manner frontward, nevertheless, it must be noted that this system is non without its drawback of holding unequal information. On the other manus, set uping belongings rights has given more power to the bureaus like EPA and EA to enforce mulcts and fiscal punishments on those who are responsible for doing pollution. While the system has been considered to be better than enforcing ordinance, nevertheless it has been argued that the mulcts imposed are non large plenty to be seen as a ‘penalty’ . Furthermore, when higher costs are transferred from concerns to consumers in the signifier of bear downing higher monetary values, the system is farther questioned. Despite the statements offered, it is a applaudable attempt by authoritiess and conservationists in extenuating the effects of environmental pollution. A measure in the right enunciation is most of import than non doing any attempt at all. Thus both the attacks must be followed together and new systems should be developed to guarantee that the consequences are achieved sooner than subsequently. Bibliography Barrow, C.J. ,Environmental Management: Principles and Practice,( 1999 ) , Routledge, an imprint of Taylor and Francis Books Ltd. Elliott, J.A. ,An Introduction to Sustainable Development,( 1999 ) , Routledge, An Imprint of Taylor and Francis Books Ltd. Gwartney, James D. , Stroup, Richard L. , and Sobel, Russell S. ,Economicss Private and Public Choice,( 2000 ) , Ninth Edition, The Dryden Press. Goodstein, E.S. ,Economicss and Environment,( 2004 ) , John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Diaries and Articles Buckley, T.J. , Schwab, M. , and Payne-Sturges, D.C. ,Closing the Research Loop: A Hazard based attack to for Communicating Results of Air Pollution Exposure Studies,( 2004 ) , Environmental Health Perspectives Vol 112 ( 1 ) January 2004 Cursey, Donald,The Demand for Environmental Quality,Paper presented in January 1993 at the American Economic Association in California. Hutchinson, T.C. , and Meema, K.M. ,Effectss of Atmospheric Pollutants on Forests, Wetlands, and Agricultural Ecosystems,Ecological Sciences Vol. 16 Internet Beginnings www.economist.com

Green cost to go green Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Green cost to go green - Research Paper Example None of the three is renewable and they also pose great dangers to the environment (Hargreaves). Although there is no fixed computation, different sources estimate another 50-120 years of supply of these sources of energy (McLamb). These could go shorter if the dependence accelerates. This is the primary reason that makes it critical for everyone to develop renewable sources of energy. Just like any revolutionary idea, renewable sources of energy are getting their fair share of criticism such as the high cost of initial installation. In the United States, Massachusetts is one of the States that are vigilant in pushing the growth of renewable energy sources. Solar panels, wind turbines and geothermal energy are the top three sources that are being developed. Below is critical examination of the current state of renewable sources of energy, legislations that are helping push it forward and the costs and savings that each source requires. Solar Panels Traditional energy sources are slow ly dwindling away, which one of the main reasons for sky rocketing energy bills experienced by most resident in Massachusetts. As a way to overcome this financial debacle and also to safe guard the energy needs of the nation, the government has look for ways to establish more cost efficient and renewable energy sources for the residents of Massachusetts. ... Current State of Solar Energy Solar power installation figures in Massachusetts are around 2,000 solar panels, which generate around 22 megawatts of electricity. Those figures are impressive but not big enough compared to the target the government has set for itself according to its energy portfolio standard. An energy portfolio standard is a regulation which seeks to increase the production of energy from renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal, etc. The Massachusetts renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS) was created to legislate the restructuring of the electric utility industry. In the year 2003, the RPS required that 1% of electricity in Massachusetts should be generated from renewable energy sources. Thereafter, the percentage should increase by 0.5% every year up to 2009. After that, the annual percentage increase should be 1%, until suspended by the Massachusetts Division of Energy Resources (DOER). With those types of targets in mind, the government would li ke to increase from the current production of 22 Mw to 400MW by the year 2020. This is quite a tall order to meet, and one the solution that Massachusetts has been able to use, is the establishment of the Common Wealth Solar Rebate Program. This program provides rebates through a non-competitive application process for the installation of solar (photovoltaic) panels, done by professional, licensed contractors at public, commercial, institutional and industrial facilities. Eligibility is limited to host customers and project sites, located in Massachusetts and be a customer of either a municipal lighting plant or a Massachusetts electric distribution utility. Under this program, there are several rebate systems that encourage both utility

Securing America and Protecting Civil Liberties Essay - 3

Securing America and Protecting Civil Liberties - Essay Example Almost since its passage, The Patriot Act has come under fire as violating a number of civil liberties that all persons in the United States acquired with the passage of the Bill of Rights, specifically the First Amendment as well as the Fourth Amendment. It is my position that the passage of the Patriot Act, in fact, sought to ‘amend the amendments’, and take away basic freedoms and civil liberties, along with giving the government more power and control than was needed. Over 200 years ago, the Constitution was drafted in response to freedom from a different kind of terrorist – the King of England and the Parliament of England. Determined never again to live in fear and oppression, the Constitution along with its ensuing amendments were drafted in order to give the American people basic rights and freedoms, and to ensure that they were never again taken away arbitrarily. First and foremost was the freedom to express an opinion without fear of reprisal. Closely fo llowing this was the freedom to protect private property and personal effects from unreasonable search and seizure. Since the passage of the Patriot Act, these amendments have both suffered. ... Since the passage of the Patriot Act, no longer can one expect privacy when writing an e-mail, or having a phone conversation – and what is worse, the FBI or law enforcement does not have to show that there is ‘probable cause’ to break down anyone’s door with a search warrant. Though there are supporters of the Patriot Act that have argued that the restrictions on civil liberties and freedoms are necessary in order to protect the country, others disagree, as do I. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has posted statements on their website that The Patriot Act violates the First and Fourth Amendments. Specifically cited is Section 215 of the Patriot Act, which gives the government the ability to look at the records of individuals that had previously deemed sacred. The First Amendment had guaranteed the ‘right of the press’. Section 215, according to the ACLU, allows the government to request records from libraries, bookstores, and publisher s, without probable cause. Thinking about reading The Anarchist’s Cookbook? Think again – the government may soon legally, thanks to the Patriot Act, be bursting through your door to ask why – or worse, throw you in jail. Agreeing with the ACLU is the Freedom to Read Committee of the Association of American Publishers, who issued a statement that read, in part, that â€Å"Section 215 presents a significant threat to investigative journalists who write about subjects that may be related to terrorism.† Though the committee recognized and actually agreed that there was an â€Å"urgency† in providing federal and state law enforcement officials with information that could potentially lead to